{"id":1430,"date":"2023-10-24T13:48:01","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T13:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/?p=1430"},"modified":"2023-10-25T12:23:01","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T12:23:01","slug":"digitalni-dvojcki-revija-the-dial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/?p=1430","title":{"rendered":"Digitalni Dvoj\u010dki – izvle\u010dek iz the DIAL revije"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

19. Oktober, 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaloyan Kolev<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The DIAL: Kaj se zgodi, ko domena pre\u017eivi dr\u017eavo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Arhivi storitve NetTime, zgodnjega internetnega po\u0161tnega seznama, so ohranili e-po\u0161to z naslovov s kon\u010dnico, ki je ne vidite ve\u010d: .yu<\/strong>, za Jugoslavijo. Mnogi od njih, vsebujejo pripovedi iz prve roke iz jugoslovanskih vojn, enega najzgodnej\u0161ih spopadov, dokumentiranih na internetu. Ve\u010dina teh digitalnih artefaktov iz nekdanje vzhodnoevropske dr\u017eave je izginila s spleta in postala \u017ertev neuspelih selitev stre\u017enikov in nenehno spreminjajo\u010dih se institucij. Zgodba o .yu<\/strong> se za\u010dne leta 1989, ko je ra\u010dunalni\u010darka Borka Jerman-Bla\u017ei\u010d s svojo ekipo v Ljubljani za\u010dela ve\u010dletno prizadevanje za povezavo Jugoslavije z internetom. Takrat je bilo vpra\u0161anje, kateri komunikacijski protokol bi povzro\u010dil najbolj\u0161a ra\u010dunalni\u0161ka omre\u017eja, predmet ostre debate med ra\u010dunalni\u0161kimi in\u017eenirji. Na eni strani so bili zagovorniki interneta, ki so zagovarjali decentraliziran pristop, osredoto\u010den na prakti\u010dno povezljivost in sodelovanje: “Zavra\u010damo: kralje, predsednike in glasovanje. Verjamemo v: grobo soglasje in delujo\u010do kodo,” je znanstvenik David Clark slavno rekel v 1992. Na drugi strani so bili zagovorniki konkuren\u010dnih komunikacijskih modelov, kot sta povezava odprtih sistemov (OSI) in X.25, ki so \u017eeleli bolj zapleten in birokratiziran protokol, ki poudarja zanesljivost in varnost.
Le nekaj mesecev preden je internetna povezava za\u017eivela leta 1991, je Slovenija razglasila neodvisnost od Jugoslavije. Dr\u017eava, za katero je bil ustvarjen .yu, je razpadala. \u010ceprav je .yu pre\u017eivel Jugoslavijo za dve desetletji, so B. Jerman-Bla\u017ei\u010d in njeni sodelavci postali prvi, ki so se spopadli z vrsto vpra\u0161anj brez primere, ki ostajajo aktualna vse do danes: ko se nacionalne dr\u017eave vzpenjajo, propadajo in spreminjajo obliko, kdo se odlo\u010di, ali in kdaj ukiniti domeno dr\u017eave? Ko je domena izbrisana, kaj se zgodi z vsemi spletnimi stranmi in po\u0161tnimi seznami pod njo ter vsem znanjem, ki ga vsebujejo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za ve\u010d informaciji preberite celotno verzijo \u010dlanka shranjenega v dokumentih<\/a> spletne strani ali na povezavi TUKAJ.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lahko pa preberite originalni \u010dlanek na spletni reviji THEDIAL.word<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

ANG.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yugoslavia’s Digital Twin, The DIAL paper<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

October 19, 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Kaloyan Kolev<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Dial: what happen when a domain outlive the country?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The archives of Nettime<\/a>, an early internet mailing list, have preserved emails from addresses with a suffix you don\u2019t see around anymore: .yu, for Yugoslavia. Many of them, such as the email from insomnia@EU.net.yu<\/a> above, contain first-hand accounts from the Yugoslav Wars, one of the earliest conflicts documented on the internet. Most of these digital artifacts from the former Eastern European country have disappeared from the web, falling victim to failed server migrations and ever-changing institutions. The greatest loss was perhaps the .yu domain itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The story of .yu begins in 1989, when computer scientist Borka Jerman-Bla\u017ei\u010d and her team in Ljubljana began their multi-year endeavor to connect Yugoslavia to the internet. At the time, the question of which communication protocol would result in the best computer networks was the subject of fierce debate<\/a> among computer engineers. On one side were the proponents of the internet, who championed a decentralized approach focused on practical connectivity and collaboration: \u201cWe reject: kings, presidents, and voting. We believe in: rough consensus and running code,\u201d scientist David Clark famously said<\/a> in 1992. On the other side were advocates of competing communication models such as Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and X.25, who wanted a more complex and bureaucratic protocol that emphasized reliability and security. Just months before the internet connection went live in 1991, Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia. The country for which .yu was created was falling apart. Though .yu outlived Yugoslavia by two decades, Jerman-Bla\u017eic and her colleagues became the first to contend with an unprecedented set of questions that remain relevant to this day: As nation states rise, fall, and change shape, who decides whether and when to retire a country\u2019s domain? When a domain is deleted, what happens to all of the websites and mailing lists under it, and all of the knowledge they contain?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more read the whole article in the document list<\/a> or click on the following LINK.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Or click on the original article THEDIAL.word<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

19. Oktober, 2023 Kaloyan Kolev The DIAL: Kaj se zgodi, ko domena pre\u017eivi dr\u017eavo? Arhivi storitve NetTime, zgodnjega internetnega po\u0161tnega seznama, so ohranili e-po\u0161to z naslovov s kon\u010dnico, ki je ne vidite ve\u010d: .yu, za Jugoslavijo. Mnogi od njih, vsebujejo pripovedi iz prve roke iz jugoslovanskih vojn, enega najzgodnej\u0161ih spopadov, dokumentiranih na internetu. Ve\u010dina teh Read more…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1431,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1430"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1430"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1430\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1452,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1430\/revisions\/1452"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.isoc.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}